Aims: The study aimed to assess whether violacein has antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus epidermidis and synergistically modulates the action of commercially available antimicrobial drugs. Methods and Results: Violacein showed excellent antimicrobial activity on biofilm-forming and nonbiofilm-forming S. epidermidis strains (ATCC 35984) (ATCC 12228), with bacteriostatic (MIC = 20 lg ml 1 and 10 lg ml 1 res...