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Erlangen Score as a tool to predict progression from mild cognitive impairment ...

Baldeiras, I; Santana, I; Leitão, MJ; Vieira, D; Duro, D; Mroczko, B; Kornhuber, J; Lewczuk, P

BACKGROUND: The previously described and validated Erlangen Score (ES) algorithm enables interpretation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD), ordering them on an ordinal scale: from neurochemically normal (ES = 0) through improbable AD (ES = 1), possible AD (ES = 2 or 3), to probable AD (ES = 4). Here we assess the accuracy of the ES in predicting hazards of progression from t...


Association between Adipokines and Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-S...

Letra, L; Matafome, P; Rodrigues, T; Duro, D; Lemos, R; Baldeiras, I; Patrício, M; Castelo-Branco, M; Caetano, G; Seiça, R; Santana, I

BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. However, the involvement of adipokines, particularly adiponectin, remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To compare serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of adiponectin, leptin and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio in patients within the spectrum of Alzheimer's disease and evaluate their relationship with classical bio...


Discriminative capacity and construct validity of the Clock Drawing Test in Mil...

Duro, D; Freitas, S; Tábuas-Pereira, M; Santiago, B; Botelho, MA; Santana, I

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric and diagnostic properties of the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), scored according to the Babins, Rouleau, and Cahn scoring systems, for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) screening, and develop corresponding cutoff scores. Additionally, we assessed the construct validity of the CDT through exploratory and confirmatory factor a...


MicroRNA deregulation and chemotaxis and phagocytosis impairment in Alzheimer's...

Guedes, JR; Santana, I; Cunha, C; Duro, D; Almeida, MR; Cardoso, AM; Pedroso de Lima, MC; Cardoso, AL

INTRODUCTION: Mononuclear phagocytes play a critical role during Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis due to their contribution to innate immune responses and amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance mechanisms. METHODS: Blood-derived monocytes (BDMs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were isolated from blood of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and age-matched healthy controls for molecular and phenotypi...


Multiple Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas Presenting as Rapidly Progressive Dementia

Mendonça, N; Santos, G; Duro, D; Machado, E; Goulão, A; Santana, I

INTRODUCTION:Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are important causes of neurological dysfunction and are many times misdiagnosed. Particularly in older populations, DAVFs may present with a selective cognitive dysfunction. CASE REPORT: The authors describe a 70-year-old woman presenting with a rapidly progressive dementia, very similar in presentation to prion disease. Neuroimaging showed multifocal DAVFs ass...


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