77 documents found, page 1 of 8
DESCARTES and his project of a fantasized brain
Engelhardt,EliaszABSTRACT. Interest in anatomy dates from the earliest times. Such knowledge was acquired through dissections of animals and human corpses by many researchers. The macroscopic anatomy of the varied structures of the brain were identified over the centuries, and the predominating solid substance was seen as amorphous, and devoid of any specific function, until the Renaissance. René Descartes, a personage with a b...
Cerebral localization of higher functions: Memory-related anatomic structures
Engelhardt,EliaszABSTRACT The nature of memory and the search for its localization have been a subject of interest since Antiquity. After millennia of theoretical concepts, shifting from the heart to the brain, then from the ventricles to solid parts, the core memory-related structures finally began to be identified through modern scientifically-based methods at the diencephalic and cortical (hippocampal and neocortical) levels...
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in brain diseases - historical foundations
Engelhardt,Eliasz; Sudo,Felipe Kenji; Alves,Gilberto Sousa; Laks,JersonABSTRACT. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, which may appear alone or combined with cognitive and neurological manifestations, are frequent in many brain dysfunctions or lesions due to vascular, traumatic, neurodegenerative, or systemic conditions. Throughout history, many of the most prominent names have contributed to the clinical definition of the currently recognized mental symptoms and syndromes. The present pape...
Cerebral localization of higher functions: The period between Thomas Willis and...
Engelhardt,EliaszABSTRACT. The age-old debates about the localization of the mind (higher functions) took a new course when Willis located a higher nervous function (memory) in the brain parenchyma, and supposedly, in the cerebral cortex. About two centuries later, Broca, founded on solid scientific reasoning, localized a circumscribed area of the 3rd frontal circumvolution of the left hemisphere as the seat of articulate langu...
Cerebral localization of the mind and higher functions The beginnings
Engelhardt,EliaszAbstract The debates about the mind and its higher functions, and attempts to locate them in the body, have represented a subject of interest of innumerable sages since ancient times. The doubt concerning the part of the body that housed these functions, the heart (cardiocentric doctrine) or the brain (cephalocentric doctrine), drove the search. The Egyptians, millennia ago, held a cardiocentric view. A very lo...
Lafora and Trétiakoff: the naming of the inclusion bodies discovered by Lewy
Engelhardt,EliaszABSTRACT Fritz Heinrich Jakob Lewy described, for the first time, in 1912, novel peculiar inclusions in neurons of certain brain nuclei in patients with Paralysis agitans, and compared his finding to the amyloid bodies described by Lafora one year before. Gonzalo Rodriguez Lafora studied one patient with Paralysis agitans, in 1913, and recognized, described, and depicted structures identical to those previously...
Lewy and his inclusion bodies: Discovery and rejection
Engelhardt,Eliasz; Gomes,Marleide da MotaABSTRACT Fritz Jacob Heinrich Lewy described the pathology of Paralysis agitans [Parkinson disease] and was the first to identify eosinophilic inclusion bodies in neurons of certain brain nuclei, later known as Lewy bodies, the pathological signature of the Lewy body diseases. In 1912, he published his seminal study, followed soon after by an update paper, and 10 years later, in 1923, by his voluminous book, wh...
Francisco de Castro: Localizationism, intelligence and the frontal lobe
Oliveira,Pedro Sudbrack; Engelhardt,Eliasz; Gomes,Marleide da MotaABSTRACT This article addresses the largely unknown legacy of Francisco de Castro regarding the neurological sciences. His essay "Psychogenic Cortical Centers", written in 1881 for his admission to the Imperial Academy of Medicine in Rio de Janeiro, is a refined appreciation of the theory of localized cortical functions that was in evidence in Europe in the second half of the nineteenth century.
A panel of clinical and neuropathological features of cerebrovascular disease t...
Alves,Gilberto Sousa; Carvalho,Luiza de Amorim de; Sudo,Felipe Kenji; Briand,Lucas; Laks,Jerson; Engelhardt,EliaszABSTRACT. The last decade has witnessed substantial progress in acquiring diagnostic biomarkers for the diagnostic workup of cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Advanced neuroimaging methods not only provide a strategic contribution for the differential diagnosis of vascular dementia (VaD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), but also help elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms ultimately leading to small v...
A continuum of executive function deficits in early subcortical vascular cognit...
Sudo,Felipe Kenji; Amado,Patricia; Alves,Gilberto Sousa; Laks,Jerson; Engelhardt,EliaszABSTRACT. Background. Subcortical Vascular Cognitive Impairment (SVCI) is a clinical continuum of vascular-related cognitive impairment, including Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment (VaMCI) and Vascular Dementia. Deficits in Executive Function (EF) are hallmarks of the disorder, but the best methods to assess this function have yet to be determined. The insidious and almost predictable course of SVCI and the mu...