Recent studies have shown that some drugs that are not routinely used to treat fungalinfections have antifungal activity, such as protease inhibitor antiretroviral drugs. This studyinvestigated the in vitro susceptibility of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum to saquinavirand ritonavir, and its combination with the antifungal itraconazole. The susceptibility assaywas performed according to Clinical and Labo...
Histoplasmosis, caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, is the most prevalent of the systemic mycoses and a marker disease for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A descriptive analysis was carried out of 254 cases of patients suffering from histoplasmosis and AIDS between 2006 and 2010 in the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil, noting the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and therapeutic aspe...
Serologic diagnosis has been presented as a safe alternative for coccidioidomycosis. However, commercial kits based on coccidioidal antibodies available in the USA are considered too expensive for laboratories outside that country. In this study, we describe the preparation of antigens for detection of human coccidioidal antibodies by the immunodiffusion test (ID) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Antigens were tes...
This study evaluated in vitro interactions of antituberculosis drugs and triazoles against Histoplasma capsulatum. Nine drug combinations, each including an antituberculosis drug (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, or ethambutol) plus a triazole (itraconazole, fluconazole, or voriconazole), were tested against both growth forms of H. capsulatum. Stronger synergistic interactions were seen in isoniazid or pyrazinamide plu...
Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis with a variable clinical presentation. Misdiagnosis of coccidioidomycosis as bacterial pneumopathy leads to inappropriate prescription of antibiotics and delayed diagnosis. This report describes an outbreak among armadillo hunters in northeastern Brazil in which an initial diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia was later confirmed as coccidioidomycosis caused by Coccidioides p...
This study evaluated the in vitro effect of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim against Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum isolated from HIV-positive patients. The drugs were tested by microdilution testing in accordance with the CLSI guidelines. All of the strains were inhibited by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, with MIC ranges of 0.039 (sulfamethoxazole)/0.0078 (trimethoprim) mg/ml to 0.625/0.125 mg/ml for myce...