16 documents found, page 1 of 2
Evidence, rationality, and ignorance: Agnotological issues in COVID-19 science
Fortaleza,Carlos Magno Castelo BrancoAbstract Two decades ago, Robert Proctor coined the term agnotology to refer to the study of ignorance that stems from scientific research. Amid the coronavirus disease pandemic, the world is witnessing the greatest natural experiment ever, and countries have adopted different response strategies. An evaluation of the effectiveness of different policies will play a valuable role in preparing for future public h...
COVID-19: What we talk about when we talk about masks
Fortaleza,Cristiane Ravagnani; Souza,Lenice do Rosário de; Rúgolo,Juliana Machado; Fortaleza,Carlos Magno Castelo BrancoAbstract Even though most current recommendations include the general use of masks to prevent community transmission of SARS-Cov-2, the effectiveness of this measure is still debated. The studies on this policy include physical filtering tests with inanimate microparticles, randomized clinical trials, observational studies, ecological analyses, and even computational modeling of epidemics. Much of the so-called...
Sustained reduction of healthcare-associated infections after the introduction ...
Fortaleza,Carlos Magno Castelo Branco; Filho,Sebastião Pires Ferreira; Silva,Marina de Oliveira; Queiroz,Sandra Mara; Cavalcante,Ricardo de SouzaAbstract Background Infection control interventions can be erroneously interpreted if outcomes are assessed in short periods. Also, statistical methods usually applied to compare outcomes before and after interventions are not appropriate for analyzing time series. Aims To analyze the impact of a bundle directed at reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and other device-associated infec...
Detection of the mecA gene and identification of Staphylococcus directly from b...
Rocchetti,Taisa Trevizani; Martins,Katheryne Benini; Martins,Patricia Yoshida Faccioli; Oliveira,Rogério Antonio de; Mondelli,Alessandro LiaABSTRACT Introduction: Staphylococcus spp. – both S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) – are relevant agents of healthcare-associated infections. Therefore, the rapid recognition of MRSA and methicillin-resistant CoNS from blood stream infections is critically important for patient management. It is worth noting that inappropriate empiric therapy ...
Surgical site infection and its risk factors in colon surgeries
Fusco,Suzimar de Fátima Benato; Massarico,Natiara Medolago; Alves,Maria Virginia Martins Faria Fadul; Fortaleza,Carlos Magno Castelo BrancoAbstract OBJECTIVE To identify the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) and its risk factors in patients undergoing colon surgery in a tertiary hospital located in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. METHOD Retrospective cohort study, with collection of information contained in the medical records of patients undergoing colon surgery in the period between January 2010 and December 2013. The studie...
Weather parameters and nosocomial bloodstream infection: a case-referent study
Caldeira,Silvia Maria; Cunha,Antonio Ribeiro da; Akazawa,Renata Tamie; Moreira,Rayana Gonçalves; Souza,Lenice do Rosário deOBJECTIVE To evaluate if temperature and humidity influenced the etiology of bloodstream infections in a hospital from 2005 to 2010.METHODS The study had a case-referent design. Individual cases of bloodstream infections caused by specific groups or pathogens were compared with several references. In the first analysis, average temperature and humidity values for the seven days preceding collection of blood cul...
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in non-outbrea...
Bonesso,Mariana Fávero; Marques,Silvio Alencar; Camargo,Carlos Henrique; Fortaleza,Carlos Magno Castelo BrancoThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and risk factors for the acquisition of MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) as the main cause of skin and soft tissue infections. S. aureus were characterized for the presence of PVL, TSST-1 and mecA genes. SCCmec typing was carried out in mecA positive strains and PFGE was performed only in these strains. During the s...
Predictive factors of post-discharge surgical site infections among patients fr...
Gomes,Adriana Estela Biasotti; Cavalcante,Ricardo de Souza; Pavan,Érika Cibele Pereira; Freitas,Elaine da Silva; Fortaleza,Carlos Magno Castelo BrancoIntroduction Surgical site infections (SSIs) often manifest after patients are discharged and are missed by hospital-based surveillance. Methods We conducted a case-reference study nested in a prospective cohort of patients from six surgical specialties in a teaching hospital. The factors related to SSI were compared for cases identified during the hospital stay and after discharge. Results Among 3,427 patients...
Ecological competition and the incidence of Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream...
Lastoria,Letícia Chamma; Caldeira,Sílvia Maria; Moreira,Rayana Gonçalves; Akazawa,Renata Tamie; Maion,Júlia CoutinhoIntroductionRecently, pathogen ecology has been recognized as an important epidemiological determinant of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important agents known to cause HAIs. It is widespread in healthcare settings and exhibits seasonal variations in incidence. Little is known about the impact of competition with other hospital pathogens on the incidence of A...
Demographic determinants of survival of people living with HIV attending an out...
Zuque,Maria Angelina da Silva; Meira,Domingos Alves; Fortaleza,Carlos Magno Castelo BrancoINTRODUCTION: While the incidence of HIV infection and AIDS is increasing in small Brazilian cities, epidemiological studies are often conducted in large urban centers. METHODS: Our group conducted a retrospective analysis of survival determinants among 358 patients who attended a reference unit in a small city. RESULTS: Death risk was lower among men that had sex with men, patients with an HIV-seropositive par...