Buildings account for 40% of energy consumption and 38% of CO2 emissions in the European Union (EU). This substantial impact is primarily due to the delayed implementation of initial energy codes. Additionally, about 40% of the EU's buildings are situated in seismic-prone areas, many of which were constructed without meeting current safety standards. An estimated 65% of these structures require both energy and ...
Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings often rely on masonry walls to increase their rigidity and strength, distinguishing them from bare frames. Consequently, the lateral capacity of the RC frames is significantly impacted by the presence or absence of these walls. Numerical models are fundamental to understanding this behavior interaction, but the development of robust simplified models is still scarce. Based on ...
Precast reinforced concrete building structures are widely used in the Portuguese industrial stock and throughout Europe. Beam-to-column connections are a key component in this type of structure. However, they are also the source of significant damage, as reported in recent earthquakes. Different configurations are common, such as using a dowel, neoprene or just assuming a concrete-to-concrete interface. Both a...
A large part of the European building stock was built before implementing the recent energy and structural codes, resulting in buildings characterized by deficiencies in terms of comfort, energy savings and structural safety. The retrofitting and rehabilitation of the existing building stock need to be adequately performed, aiming to improve the seismic and energy performance simultaneously. The work summarized...
The renovation and refurbishment of existing envelopes of existing RC buildings are usually performed, focusing only on improving their structural or thermal energy characteristics. However, international concern about the sustainability and resilience of existing building structures demands the rethinking of retrofitting techniques that tackle both aspects simultaneously, making the envelopes more energy effic...
The article presents the results of a testing campaign that was carried out to validate the effect of ETICS and seismic plus energy retrofitting techniques on the flexural strength of full-scale masonry brick walls. The study highlights the importance of retrofitting techniques that can improve the energy efficiency and seismic safety of existing buildings, a growing global concern. Based on this motivation, a ...
Due to the infill masonry high vulnerability observed in recent earthquakes, the knowledge concerning the infills’ out-of-plane seismic behaviour has been the focus of several research works in the last years. The in- plane/out-of-plane interaction, boundary conditions, openings, slenderness, and aspect ratio have been re- ported as the main parameters that affect the out-of-plane infill wall capacity. However,...
The definition of damage states for structural and non-structural elements is necessary to support the seismic vulnerability analyses and identify the most vulnerable elements that need to be retrofitted. The studies related to masonry infill walls focused on multiple experimental studies to characterize their in-plane and/or out-of-plane (OOP) behaviour. Some codes have already proposed damage states for mason...
Currently, the upgrade of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings focuses only on energy retrofitting measures due to the current policies promoted in the scope of the European Green Deal. However, the structural deficiencies are not eliminated, leaving the building seriously unsafe despite the investment, particularly in seismic-prone regions. Moreover, the envelopes of existing RC buildings are responsibl...
The existing infilled reinforced concrete (RC) buildings' poor energy performance is responsible for a significant part of the energy consumption in the European Union (EU). In addition, recent earthquakes showed the seismic vulnerability of the existing RC buildings that were not designed according to modern codes, where several casualties, collapses, and economic losses were reported. Around 40% of the EU bui...