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Physiological Stress Reactions in Red Deer Induced by Hunting Activities
Vilela, Sofia; Silva, António Alves da; Palme, Rupert; Ruckstuhl, Kathreen E.; Sousa, José Paulo; Alves, JoanaHunting activity is usually seen as a factor capable of causing an intense stress response in wildlife that may lead to short but also long-term stress. In the Lousã Mountain, Portugal, the population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) is the target of intensive seasonal hunting. We collected and measured cortisol (and its metabolites) in three tissues types (blood, feces and hair) from red deer hunted during two hun...
Effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on ruminating, grazing, and bedding ...
Wang, Muyang; Alves, Joana; Tucker, Meghan; Yang, Weikang; Ruckstuhl, Kathreen E.Rumination is the repeated process of regurgitation of a food bolus, followed by chewing, swallowing, and regurgitation, which enhance nutrient assimilation. Time spent in lateral recumbency (i.e., bedded, lying) has often been used as a proxy for time spent ruminating due to difficulties of observing detailed rumination behavior in the field. The actual proportion of time spent ruminating, or other activities,...
The effect of male age on patterns of sexual segregation in Siberian ibex
Wang, Muyang; Alves, Joana; Silva, António Alves da; Yang, Weikang; Ruckstuhl, Kathreen E.Sexual segregation is very common in sexually size dimorphic ungulates and may be the result of different habitat preferences and/or differential social behaviours of males and females. Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain this phenomenon. In the present research, we examined sexual segregation in a quite poorly understood species, the Siberian ibex. The species presents a marked sexual size dimo...