A conclusão do processo de designação das infraestruturas críticas nacionais, a transposição da Diretiva Europeia de Resiliência de Entidades Críticas, a identificação das novas Entidades Críticas e a elaboração da avaliação nacional de risco e da estratégia nacional para a resiliência de entidades críticas, num espaço temporalmente curto, são tarefas de monta a que Portugal deve dar resposta para ter serviços ...
Este ensaio explora o nexo entre mudança climática, segurança internacional e Infraestrutura Crítica de Energia (Critical Energy Infrastructure ou CEI) relacionado com a área da defesa na União Europeia (UE) num contexto multipolar instável. Com foco na segurança face ao clima, o estudo estabelece conexões entre as ameaças identificadas com a estabilidade e segurança internacionais e os impactos da mudança clim...
A dinâmica da atividade apícola em Portugal tem-se revelado forte e progressiva nos últimos anos, surgindo novos apicultores e um crescente número de apiários. Atualmente este setor está consolidado, em particular na produção de mel. No entanto, esta quase exclusividade na produção pode provocar uma dependência perigosa da oscilação dos mercados internacionais, antecipando-se a curto prazo, dificuldades na sust...
Planners require solutions that address routine work needs and seems essential to improving efficiency and productivity. There are a great number of different factors related to beekeeper activity as well the quality and productivity of different bee products. The spatial analysis is a powerful tool for overlap and relates various levels of information on a map, and consequently a very useful for beekeeping act...
The Portuguese beekeeping sector is one of the most resilient and persistent farming activities in the last decade. In the last five years, the figures reveal a counter cycle behavior with an increment in the number of colonies, apiaries and beekeepers, as shown in the National Beekeeping Program: there are 16.403 beekeepers with a total of 550.757 colonies. Following the same positive trend, the conversion fro...
To investigate claims of abnormally high honey bee colony mortality in Portugal during 2011, a survey was carried out via telephone interviews. It included 662 (≈ 4%) registered Portuguese beekeepers and followed the basic 'Coloss' questionnaire. Interviewees were selected accounting for total numbers of colonies and the geographical distribution of their apiaries across the country. The 'sampling grid' was set...
A nationwide field sampling exercise was launched in 2011, to address mounting anecdotal evidence of atypically high honey bee colony mortalities of unexplained origin occurring throughout Portugal. The first approach was to contact 662 beekeepers (≈ 4% of the registered Portuguese beekeepers), via telephone interviews with a view to formulating an 'educated guess' regarding the cases where Nosema apis / Nosema...
Nosemosis is not a recent pathology in Portugal. The etiological agent traditionally associated with it, the microsporidian Nosema apis, is well characterized and was not causing considerable economic damage to the Portuguese apiculture. However, the recent arrival, to the ‘European’ honeybee sphere, of a ‘new’ Nosema species (N. ceranae) has been recurrently considered a relevant contribution to the ‘Colony Co...
Since winter 2006, extensive honey bee colony losses with distinctive features were first reported in the USA ( ‘Colony Collapse Disorder’, CCD). Global research over the past few years attempting to pin point CCD’s most likely causes, recurrently pointed out that no single factor is universally responsible for this disorder. Nevertheless, stressors e.g. the Varroa mite, some ‘new generation’ pesticides, an eve...