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Invasive Californian death caps develop mushrooms unisexually and bisexually

Canonical sexual reproduction among basidiomycete fungi involves the fusion of two haploid individuals of different mating types, resulting in a heterokaryotic mycelial body made up of genetically different nuclei. Using population genomics data and experiments, we discover mushrooms of the invasive and deadly Amanita phalloides can also be homokaryotic; evidence of sexual reproduction by single, unmated indivi...

Aquatic fungi: largely neglected targets for conservation

This work was supported by JE Purkyně Fellowship of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IJ); Erasmus+ programme and the Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia (MV, CR); German Science Foundation project in the frame of the “Antarktis SPP 1158” [GR1540/33-1] (H-PG); MEMOBIC, EU Operational Programme Research, Development and Education [CZ.02.2.69/0.0/ 0.0/16_027/000 8357], and Ministry of Education, Youth an...

Extinction risk and threats to plants and fungi

Plant and fungal biodiversity underpin life on earth and merit careful stewardship in an increasingly uncertain environment. However, gaps and biases in documented extinction risks to plant and fungal species impede effective management. Formal extinction risk assessments help avoid extinctions, through engagement, financial, or legal mechanisms, but most plant and fungal species lack assessments. Available glo...

International collaboration between collections‐based institutes for halting bi...

Collections-based institutes are at the forefront of generating knowledge and understanding of plant and fungal biodiversity. Through the analysis of occurrence data, the use of modern technologies to better understand the evolutionary relationships between species and documentation of their useful properties, the work of collections-based institutes provides good models for conservation; addressing species los...

Natural woodlands hold more diverse, abundant, and unique biota than novel anth...

Large and variable genome size unrelated to serpentine adaptation but supportiv...

Estimations of genome size and its variation can provide valuable information regarding the genetic diversity of organisms and their adaptation potential to heterogeneous environments. We used flow cytometry to characterize the variation in genome size among 40 isolates of Cenococcum geophilum, an ectomycorrhizal fungus with a wide ecological and geographical distribution, obtained from two serpentine and two n...

A Ni hyperaccumulator and a congeneric non-accumulator reveal equally effective...

The defense hypothesis is commonly used to explain the adaptive role ofmetal hyperaccumulation. We tested this hypothesis using two Brassicaceae congeneric species: Alyssum pintodasilvae, a Ni hyperaccumulator, and the non-accumulator Alyssum simplex both growing on serpentine soils in Portugal. Artificial diet disks amended with powdered leaves from each plant species were used to compare the performance (mort...

Evidence of adaptive tolerance to nickel in isolates of Cenococcum geophilum fr...

Selection for metal-tolerant ecotypes of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi has been reported in instances of metal contamination of soils as a result of human activities. However, no study has yet provided evidence that natural metalliferous soils, such as serpentine soils, can drive the evolution of metal tolerance in ECM fungi. We examined in vitro Ni tolerance in isolates of Cenococcum geophilum from serpentine an...

Genetic diversity and differential in vitro responses to Ni in Cenococcum geoph...

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to investigate the genetic diversity in isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum from serpentine and non-serpentine soils in Portugal. A high degree of genetic diversity was found among C. geophilum isolates; AFLP fingerprints showed that all the isolates were genetically distinct. We also assessed the in vitro Ni sensitivity in ...