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Recommendations for estimating and reporting vaccine effectiveness by time sinc...

Kissling, Esther; Nunes, Baltazar; Hooiveld, Mariëtte; Martínez-Baz, Iván; Monge, Susana; Robertson, Chris; Knolm, Mirjam; Sève, Noémie; Mlinarić, Ivan

Estimating COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) by time since vaccination (TSV) is essential for understanding how protection may change over time and enables meaningful comparisons across studies. This is important for accurate comparisons of VE against different SARS-CoV-2 variants/sublineages, across age groups, during different periods post vaccination campaign, or by vaccine type/brand. We provide recommend...


Assessing the role of children in the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium using pertur...

Angeli, Leonardo; Caetano, Constantino Pereira; Franco, Nicolas; Coletti, Pietro; Faes, Christel; Molenberghs, Geert; Beutels, Philippe; Abrams, Steven

Understanding the evolving role of different age groups in virus transmission is essential for effective pandemic management. We investigated SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Belgium from November 2020 to February 2022, focusing on age-specific patterns. Using a next generation matrix approach integrating social contact data and simulating population susceptibility evolution, we performed a longitudinal perturbation ...


Social contact patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in 21 European countries -...

Wong, Kerry L.M.; Gimma, Amy; Coletti, Pietro; Paolotti, Daniela; Tizzani, Michele; Cattuto, Ciro; Schmidt, Andrea; Gredinger, Gerald; Stumpfl, Sophie

Background: Most countries have enacted some restrictions to reduce social contacts to slow down disease transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. For nearly two years, individuals likely also adopted new behaviours to avoid pathogen exposure based on personal circumstances. We aimed to understand the way in which different factors affect social contacts - a critical step to improving future pandemic responses...


Pregnancy during COVID-19: social contact patterns and vaccine coverage of preg...

Wong, Kerry L.M.; Gimma, Amy; Paixao, Enny; Paolotti, Daniela; Karch, André; Jäger, Veronika; Baruch, Joaquin; Melillo, Tanya; Hudeckova, Henrieta

Background: Evidence and advice for pregnant women evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. We studied social contact behaviour and vaccine uptake in pregnant women between March 2020 and September 2021 in 19 European countries. Methods: In each country, repeated online survey data were collected from a panel of nationally-representative participants. We calculated the adjusted mean number of contacts reported wit...




Different transmission patterns in the early stages of the influenza A(H1N1)v p...

Flasche, Stefan; Hens, Niel; Boëlle, Pierre-Yves; Mossong, Joël; van Ballegooijen, W. Marijn; Nunes, Baltazar; Rizzo, Caterina; Popovici, Florin

Following the emergence of a novel strain of influenza A(H1N1) in Mexico and the United States in April 2009, its epidemiology in Europe during the summer was limited to sporadic and localised outbreaks. Only the United Kingdom experienced widespread transmission declining with school holidays in late July. Using statistical modelling where applicable we explored the following causes that could explain this sur...


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