Honey is a widely consumed food product frequently subjected to adulteration, with the mislabeling of its botanical or geographical origin being one of the most common practices. Determining the entomological origin of honey is particularly challenging but of high relevance for ensuring its authenticity, especially for products with protected designation of origin (PDO) labels. This study presents a novel DNA m...
The genetic patterns of Middle Eastern A. mellifera subspecies have been understudied, hindering a comprehensive understanding of honey bee evolutionary history. Here, we studied the genetic integrity of five Middle Eastern subspecies across a broad geographical range: Turkey (A. m. anatoliaca, N=97; A. m. caucasia, N=75; A. m. syriaca, N=18), Jordan and Lebanon (A. m. syriaca, N=238 and N=29), Iran (A. m. meda...
Honey is highly susceptible to adulteration. Currently, the assessment of its geographical origin remains one of the most difficult tasks, which is typically performed by melyssopalynology. Recently, the attention has shifted towards indirect approaches such as the entomological origin based on geographical distribution patterns of honey bee subspecies. Although queens’ trade has impacted the natural subspecies...
One of the most critical steps for accurate taxonomic identification in DNA (meta)-barcoding is to have an accurate DNA reference sequence dataset for the marker of choice. Therefore, developing such a dataset has been a long-term ambition, especially in the Viridiplantae kingdom. Typically, reference datasets are constructed with sequences downloaded from general public databases, which can carry taxonomic and...
Species adulteration is a concern in herbal products, especially when plant substitutes of lower economic value replace valuable botanicals. Styphnolobium japonicum is well known as a potential adulterant of Ginkgo biloba, which is one of the most demanded medicinal plants due to its wide use in pharmaceuticals, food supplements, and traditional medicine. Despite bearing some resemblance to ginkgo's flavonol co...
As defined by the Codex Alimentarius, honey is the natural sweet substance produced by honeybees from the nectar of plants.1 This natural product is widely appreciated but is also considered one of the foods most prone to adulteration. The increasing demand for monofloral honey and those with protected designation of origin (PDO) has led to increased fraud by mislabeling botanical and geographical origin.2 Veri...
A abelha melífera, Apis mellifera, é composta por 31 subespécies que se encontram distribuídas na Ásia, África e Europa. O objetivo deste trabalho é desvendar a estrutura populacional e verificar o estado de conservação de três subespécies do Médio Oriente, as quais têm sido pouco estudadas. Para isso, foi extraído o DNA a partir de tóraxes inteiros de machos de 329 amostras de A. m. lamarckii (Egito, 68 amostr...
O mel é um alimento muito consumido e apreciado em todo o mundo pelas suas propriedades nutricionais e organoléticas, bem como pelos seus efeitos benéficos para a saúde. No entanto, é também considerado um dos alimentos mais suscetíveis de ser adulterado, quer pela mistura de mel de qualidade inferior, quer pela adição de açúcares, ou pela rotulagem incorreta da origem botânica e/ou geográfica, entre outras pos...
Milk is one of the most important nutritious foods, widely consumed worldwide, either in its natural form or via dairy products. Currently, several economic, health and ethical issues emphasize the need for a more frequent and rigorous quality control of dairy products and the importance of detecting adulterations in these products. For this reason, several conventional and advanced techniques have been propose...
Honey is one of the foods easily adulterated worldwide. Recently, the analysis of honeybee DNA has been proposed as a useful tool to authenticate the entomological origin of honey. However, the methods proposed so far require more than one polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the use of agarose gels, making the authentication process laborious and lengthy. In this work, a novel real-time PCR coupled with high-re...