Background & aims: The response of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) to COVID-19 vaccines remains unclear. Our aim was to assess the humoral immune response and efficacy of two-dose COVID-19 vaccines among patients with CLD of different aetiologies and disease stages. Methods: A total of 357 patients were recruited in clinical centres from six European countries, and 132 healthy volunteers served as con...
Cholestasis encompasses liver injury and inflammation. Necroptosis, a necrotic cell death pathway regulated by receptor-interacting protein (RIP) 3, may mediate cell death and inflammation in the liver. We aimed to investigate the role of necroptosis in mediating deleterious processes associated with cholestatic liver disease. Hallmarks of necroptosis were evaluated in liver biopsies of primary biliary cholangi...