[Excerpt] Urologists are increasingly aware of new surgical concepts including natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) [1–5]. In 2008, the Urology LESS and NOTES Working Group was formed under the auspices of the Endourological Society. In addition to having a stated goal of increasing awareness about LESS and NOTES, the working group also wanted t...