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Exploring the toxicity effects of 3-chloromethcathinone (3-CMC) on the morphoph...

António, João; Langa, Ivan; Carvalho, Ana; Vidal, Renata; Tiritan, Maria; Ribeiro, Cláudia

Background: The constant discharge of several potentially harmful compounds to the environment raises significant concerns about the risk of toxicity to non-target organisms and human health [1,2]. The 3-chloromethcathinone (3-CMC) is a chiral synthetic cathinone belonging to the group of new psychoactive substances (NPS) [3]. After consumption, this substance and/or its metabolites are excreted in urine, reach...

Date: 2025   |   Origin: Scientific Letters

Ecotoxicity effects of 3-chloromethcathinone (3-CMC) on the swimming behaviour ...

António, João; Langa, Ivan; Carvalho, Ana; Vidal, Renata; Tiritan, Maria; Ribeiro, Cláudia

Background: The continuous release of various compounds can have potentially harmful effects on non-target organisms, raising concerns about the ecosystem and human health ​(1,2)​. 3-chloromethcathinone (3-CMC) is a chiral synthetic cathinone, classified as a new psychoactive substance (NPS) with similar effects to amphetamines and posing potential toxicological risks ​(3)​. After consumption, 3-CMC and its met...

Date: 2025   |   Origin: Scientific Letters

Enantiomeric biodistribution and toxicity of 3-chloromethcathinone (3-CMC) in W...

Langa, Ivan; Rocha-Pereira, Carolina; Milhazes, Nuno; Dias da Silva, Diana; Domingues, Susana; Silva, Paula; Barbosa, Joana; Faria, Juliana

Background: There has been a surge in global attention to New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) [1]. Synthetic cathinones stand out as a widely consumed NPS class. Notably, 3-chloromethcathinone (3-CMC) accounted for over 34% of NPS seizures in 2021 [2], which underscores concerns regarding its consumption and health effects. Of note, 3-CMC is chiral and mostly sold as a racemate. As human metabolism and pharm...

Date: 2024   |   Origin: Scientific Letters

Enantiomeric biodistribution and toxicity of 3-chloromethcathinone (3-CMC) in W...

Langa, Ivan; Rocha-Pereira, Carolina; Milhazes, Nuno; Silva, Diana Dias da; Domingues, Susana; Silva, Paula; Barbosa, Joana; Faria, Juliana

There has been a surge in global attention to New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) [1]. Synthetic cathinones stand out as a widely consumed NPS class. Notably, 3-chloromethcathinone (3-CMC) accounted for over 34% of NPS seizures in 2021 [2], which underscores concerns regarding its consumption and health effects. Of note, 3-CMC is chiral and mostly sold as a racemate. As human me-tabolism and pharmacological effec...


Toxicity of the 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and its enantiomers to Daphni...

Costa, Ana Rita; Gonçalves, Virgínia M. F.; Castro, Bruno B.; Carrola, João Soares; Langa, Ivan; Pereira, Ariana; Carvalho, Ana Rita

MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a chiral psychoactive recreational drug sold in illicit markets as racemate. Studies on the impact of MDMA on aquatic organisms are scarce. While enantioselectivity in toxicity in animals and humans has been reported, none is reported on aquatic organisms. This study aimed to investigate the ecotoxicological effects of MDMA and its enantiomers in <i>Daphnia magna</i>....


Enantioselectivity in the ecotoxicity of amphetamine using daphnia magna as the...

Ribeiro, Cláudia; Gomes, Cristiano; Pérez-Pereira, Ariana; Carrola, João Soares; Tiritan, Maria Elizabeth; Langa, Ivan; Couto, Cristina

Amphetamine (AMP) is a chiral psychoactive substance that exhibits enantioselectivity in its pharmacological properties. It has been detected in wastewaters and surface waters and can occur as enantiomeric mixtures, but little is known about its environmental risk and potential enantioselective toxicity to aquatic organisms. Our study aimed to target enantioselectivity in AMP toxicity to the freshwater inverteb...


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