Introduction: Optic nerve (ON) inclusion as the fifth location in dissemination in space (DIS) for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) was proposed in 2016 by the Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Group. However, there was insufficient evidence to include this recommendation in the 2017 revision of McDonald criteria. Our objective was to investigate the effect of including ON involvement ass...
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a rare peroxisomal disease caused by a mutation in gene ABCD1, impairing peroxisomal b-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids. It has a heterogeneous clinical presentation that may difficult the diagnosis, with three main phenotypes: an Addison syndrome-like phenotype with adrenal insufficiency; a myeloneuropathic form, which progresses as a spastic paraparesis; a cere...
Introduction: The interaction of antiseizure medication with contraceptives, its potential teratogenicity and implications in pregnancy and breastfeeding are aspects to consider in the neurological care of women with epilepsy of childbearing age. To ensure the commitment in therapeutic decisions and the appropriate planning of maternity, it is essential that women are informed about the implications of their di...