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Prevalence rates of frequent dream recall and nightmares by age, gender and sle...

Bolstad, Courtney J.; Bjorvatn, Bjørn; Chan, Ngan Yin; Chung, Frances; Dauvilliers, Yves; De Gennaro, Luigi; Espie, Colin A.; Holzinger, Brigitte

The present study aimed to describe the prevalence rates of frequent (i.e., at least weekly) dream recall and nightmares with consideration for differences in age, gender and sleep duration in 16 countries using equivalent assessment methods. The study sample included 15,854 participants (69.9% women) aged 18–99 years (M = 42.39, SD = 16.43) collected by the International COVID-19 Sleep Study collaboration, whi...


Lucid dreaming: not just awareness, but agency

Ableidinger, Severin; DeGennaro, Luigi; Mota-Rolim, Sergio; Scarpelli, Serena; Bolstad, Courtney J.; Bjorvatn, Bjørn; Espie, Colin A.; Dauvilliers, Yves

During lucid dreaming (LD), dreamers are aware that they are dreaming and may be able to influence the oneiric content. There has been recent debate about the relative importance of the ability to influence the dream and having agency over the pure awareness of dreaming. To underline this, we examined the associations of lucid dreams without agency (LD?Ag) and lucid dreams with agency (LD + Ag) to sleep and men...


Prevalence rates of frequent dream recall and nightmares by age, gender and sle...

Bolstad, Courtney J.; Bjorvatn, Bjørn; Chan, Ngan Yin; Chung, Frances; Dauvilliers, Yves; De Gennaro, Luigi; Espie, Colin A.; Holzinger, Brigitte

Purpose of review: This article summarizes the cognitive and behavioral functions of the prefrontal cortex with an emphasis on executive cognitive functions and the clinical consequences associated with executive dysfunction. The clinical manifestations of lesions to the lateral prefrontal, orbitofrontal, medial prefrontal, and frontopolar cortex are reviewed. Recent findings: Traditional lesion studies have em...


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