The magic lantern, developed in the mid-17th century, was the first optical instrument for projecting transparent images painted on glass slides. It became a powerful tool for scientific and religious education, entertainment, and advertising throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. This study presents the first multi-analytical characterisation of 20 hand-painted glass slides from the collection of the Science ...
In the study of early modern glassmaking, scholarship has traditionally focused on the production of raw glass and the transmission of glassmaking recipes and knowledge. This article extends that focus by examining the subsequent transformation of raw glass into finished objects, using enamelling as a central case study. We argue that enamelling was a distinct, skill-intensive practice requiring specialised kno...
The lack of studies reporting the characterisation of Germanic grisaille is evident, despite the recent interest of researchers in this glass painting material. This work consists of the first assessment of Germanic grisaille’ chemical composition on a wide chronology (14th–19th centuries), that was only possible through the unique stained-glass collection of King Ferdinand II of Portugal. From the considerable...
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Almost 200,000 deaths from COVID-19 were reported in Brazil in 2020. The case fatality rate of a new infectious disease can vary by different risk factors and over time. We analysed the trends and associated factors of COVID-19 case fatality rates in Brazilian public hospital admissions during the first wave of the pandemic.
Among the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is now the rising concern in wildlife within Europe, after the first case was detected in Norway in 2016, in a wild reindeer and until October 2021, a total of 34 cases were described in Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Wasting disease in small ruminants is frequently detected at slaughterhouses. The wasting disorder is manifested by the deterioration of the nutritional and physiological state of the animal indicated by thinness, emaciation, and cachexia. Evidence of emaciation and cachexia, alone, are pathological conditions leading to carcass condemnation during an inspection. Several diseases are associated with a wasting c...
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases are a fatal group of infectious, inherited and spontaneous neurodegenerative diseases affecting human and animals. They are caused by the conversion of cellular prion protein (PrPC) into a misfolded pathological isoform (PrPSc or prion- proteinaceous infectious particle) that self-propagates by conformational conversion of PrPC. Yet by an unknow...
Grisaille is one of the oldest and most widely used vitreous paint applied for the production of stained-glass panels and Debitus is one of the most renowned commercial brands whose grisailles are frequently used for the chromatic reintegration in stained-glass window restoration. This article presents the morphological, chemical and thermal analyses of five grisailles from Debitus, to evaluate their properties...
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