This work aims to reflect on the relationship among "social issue", neoliberalism and the protection of children and adolescents. In order to do so, the paper proposes some reflections about the main conceptual aspects of the mentioned categories, as well as of the reform of the State and networks of protection; based on Netto (2001), Pastorini (2010), Telles (1996, 1999), Amaro (2014), among others. The constr...