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Revisiting “The Malicious Serpent”: Phylogenetically threatening stimulus marke...

Biondi, Luiz; Gomes, Nuno; Maior, Rafael S.; Soares, Sandra C.

Twenty years ago, Öhman and Mineka's publication “The Malicious Serpent” emphasized the selective pressure ancestral reptiles would have on early mammals’ visual system, specifically the development of a set of subcortical structures that would provide snake-like images privileged access to the amygdala. This process would occur automatically and allows for quick defensive reactions. Based on criticisms directe...


Fast detector/ first responder: Interactions between the superior colliculus-pu...

Soares, Sandra Cristina de Oliveira; Maior, Rafael S.; Isbell, Lynne A.; Tomaz, Carlos; Nishijo, Hisao

Primates are distinguished from other mammals by their heavy reliance on the visual sense, which occurred as a result of natural selection continually favoring those individuals whose visual systems were more responsive to challenges in the natural world. Here we describe two independent but also interrelated visual systems, one cortical and the other subcortical, both of which have been modified and expanded i...


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