The Montado, a dominant agro-silvo-pastoral system in Southern Portugal, features rainfed pastures primarily composed of legumes and grasses. Portuguese pasture area has expanded over the last century for economic, environmental, social, and cultural reasons. These pastures offer low-cost forage and improve long-term soil fertility through animal manure incorporation, enhancing soil organic matter, and legumino...
The Montado is a distinctive silvopastoral system of the Southern Iberian Peninsula, integrating pastures, trees (typically cork oak, Quercus suber, and/or holm oak, Quercus rotundifolia), and domestic livestock (ruminants or swine). Precision Agriculture (PA), predominantly explored in purely agricultural systems, offers substantial potential to optimize Montado management, thereby enhancing its economic, envi...