Background: Leadership in forensic science is essential for ensuring the quality, ethical rigor and reliability of decisions relating to forensic investigations [1]. Forensic experts often encounter ethical dilemmas, institutional pressures, judicial expectations [2], as well as workplace-related factors (management, supervision, backlogs, high number of cases) or personal related factors (family, medical, fina...
Background: Armed conflicts, ethnic persecution, and humanitarian disasters (Fig. 1) have led to the displacement of millions of people, including many children who, during these journeys, are often separated from their parents or guardians [1-3]. Forensic sciences have proved to be fundamental in identifying unaccompanied minors and reuniting families, using techniques such as forensic genetics, biometrics, an...
Background: Portugal's ability to respond to terrorist threats remains challenging and complex. According to Vegar [1], the intricate nature of the Portuguese legal system, which regulates each institution's working competencies, interactions, and chain of command, is too strict. These regulations and legal attributions present several difficulties in fulfilling the mission of responding to and combating terror...
Background: Initially emerging in North America, 3D-printed firearms have become a growing security concern in Europe. The increasing availability of open-source blueprints, as well as accessibility to 3D printers and improved composite materials, have enabled individuals to manufacture firearms with minimal control or technical expertise. Their danger lies in the rapid and unregulated nature of production, com...
Background: Microbial contamination poses significant risks to biodiversity, food safety, and public health (Fig. 1) [1]. Traditional microbicide methods that rely on harmful chemicals are associated with risks to environmental health (e.g., toxicity to non-target organisms and resistance to pathogens) [2-4]. In forensics, microbial exposure decomposes biological evidence, staining or altering documents and tex...