Background. Haemophilus influenzae is a human-restricted pathogen that forms part of the normal nasopharyngeal microbiota. The introduction of the H. influenzae serotype b vaccine has drastically decreased the number of bacteremia cases caused by H. influenzae serotype b (Hib). Conversely, the cases of non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) bacteremia have increased substantially. Therefore, we aimed to perform an e...