The timing of the grape harvest is a critical decision for winemakers, as it greatly impacts the quality and organoleptic characteristics of the resulting red wines. One key indicator for determining the optimal harvest time is the phenolic content of the grapes. As the berries ripen, phenolic compounds in the grape skin cells migrate from the seeds to the pulp and finally to the skin. However, monitoring these...
Milk adulteration presents substantial challenges in the food industry, prompting the need for efficient de- tection methods. This study introduces a potentiometric electronic tongue for rapid and accurate detection of milk adulteration. Using polymeric membranes with various integrated additives, the electronic tongue distinguished between different milk types and detected common adul- terants. Experimental re...
A lab-made electronic nose (Enose) with vacuum sampling and a sensor array, comprising nine metal oxide semiconductor Figaro gas sensors, was tested for the quantitative analysis of vapor–liquid equilibrium, described by Henry’s law, of aqueous solutions of organic compounds: three alcohols (i.e., methanol, ethanol, and propanol) or three chemical compounds with different functional groups (i.e., acetaldehyde, ...
A portable potentiometric electronic tongue (PE-tongue) was developed and applied to evaluate the quality of milk with different fat content (skimmed, semi-skimmed, and whole) and with different nutritional content (classic, calcium-enriched, lactose-free, folic acid-enriched, and enriched in sterols of vegetal origin). The system consisted of a simplified array of five sensors based on PVC membranes, coupled t...
A bio-electronic tongue has been developed to evaluate the phenolic content of grape residues (seeds and skins) in a fast and easy way with industrial use in mind. A voltammetric electronic tongue has been designed based on carbon resin electrodes modified with tyrosinase combined with electron mediators. The presence of the phenoloxydase promotes the selectivity and specificity towards phenols. The results of ...