The best way to prevent influenza infection is through vaccination. Evaluating vaccine performance is essentially done through two types of study: clinical trials and the test negative design, an observational study derived from the case control. While in clinical trials the sources of bias are perfectly identified and there are specific tools for assessing them, in test negative design we find very varied sour...
Influenza represents a significant burden on global public health, and vaccination is the most effective strategy to reduce it. The large investment in vaccination programs and the need for adjustments in vaccine serotypes are important reasons for evaluating the influenza vaccine’s efficacy every year. Establishing a relationship between immunogenicity data and efficacy is also crucial for predicting the effic...