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A Neanderthal's specialised burning structure compatible with tar obtention

Ochando, Juan; Jiménez-Espejo, Francisco J.; Giles-Guzmán, Francisco; Neto de Carvalho, Carlos; Carrión, Jose S.; Muñiz, Fernando; Rubiales, Juan Manuel

Here we present multiproxy evidence of a new type of Neanderthal hearth discovered in Vanguard Cave (VC) (Gibraltar), which is dated ~ 65 kyr, and associated with Middle Paleolithic stone artefacts. The hearth structure coincides with predictions from theoretical studies which require the use of heating structures for obtaining birch tar, commonly used in hafting. We propose that the structure was used for heat...


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