The cork oak tree (<i>Quercus suber</i> L.) symbolizes <i>the Montado</i> landscape in Portugal and is a central element in the country’s social and economic history. In recent decades, the loss of thousands of cork oaks has been reported, revealing the ongoing decline of these agroforestry ecosystems. This emblematic tree of the Mediterranean Basin is host to the soil-born root pathogen <i>Phytophthora cinnamo...