Control of the pinewood nematode (PWN), the causal agent of pine wilt disease, can be achieved through the trunk injection of nematicides; however, many pesticides have been linked to environmental and human health concerns. Essential oils (EOs) are suitable alternatives due to their biodegradability and low toxicity to mammals. These complex mixtures of plant volatiles often display multiple biological activit...
The pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a major threat to pine forests. Research on sustainable pest management strategies is now a priority. Essential oils (EOs) are biodegradable, complex mixtures of volatiles that can show low toxicity to mammals and powerful nematicidal activities depending on their chemical composition. In the present work, the EOs of four plants were screened against the...
Using the chemical versatility of the benzo[b]thiophene motif, an extensive library of 24 (thio)urea receptors, with different binding properties and lipophilicities, was prepared and included α,α-, α,β-, β,β-, β,γ-, α,γ-, and γ,γ-benzo[b]thiophene positional isomers, as well as β- or γ-benzo[b]thiophene-based molecules decorated with aliphatic chains or aryl moieties with different fluorination degrees. 1H NMR...
Vector control remains an important strategy to fight mosquito-borne diseases, like malaria and dengue. Anopheles species are responsible for vast distribution of malaria, mainly in tropical areas, with dramatic infant morbidity and mortality. Aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue, has a wide and expanding geographical distribution. It was found in Madeira Island, Portugal, in 2005, and in 2012 the first loc...
For millennia plants and their therapeutic qualities have been used by civilizations to prevent and fight against diseases. The progressive increase of resistance in target insects lead to restrictions on the application of chemical insecticides and/or on increases the search on the use of new synthetic compounds. The reduced number of safe compounds marketed new natural compounds more effective against targets...
As a nematotoxics screening biotechnological system, Solanum tuberosum hairy roots (StHR) and S. tuberosum hairy roots with Meloidogyne chitwoodi co-cultures (StHR/CRKN) were evaluated, with and without the addition of the essential oils (EOs) of Satureja montana and Ruta graveolens. EOs nematotoxic and phytotoxic effects were followed weekly by evaluating nematode population density in the co-cultures as well ...
A new dichloroazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine receptor (1) with two chiral urea binding moieties is reported. The binding affinity of this macrocycle was evaluated by 1H NMR titrations in CDCl3 for the dicarboxylate anions oxalate (ox2−), malonate (mal2−), succinate (suc2−), glutarate (glu2−), diglycolate (dg2−), fumarate (fum2−), maleate (male2−), and (R,R)- and (S,S)-tartarate (tart2−) enantiomers. Among the firs...
A new dichloroazacalix[2]arene[2]triazine receptor (1) with two chiral urea binding moieties is reported. The binding affinity of this macrocycle was evaluated by H-1 NMR titrations in CDCl3 for the dicarboxylate anions oxalate (ox(2-)), malonate (mal(2-)), succinate (suc(2-)), glutarate (glu(2-)), diglycolate (dg(2-)), fumarate (fum(2-)), maleate (male(2-)), and (R,R)- and (S,S)-tartarate (tart(2-)) enantiomer...
For functional nitrogen-bridged calix(hetero)aromatic platforms to be further used in the design of more sophisticated receptors, the azacalix[2]arene[2]triazine nitrogen bridges were functionalised with methyl bromoacetate. Three new macrocycles with four N-methyl ester pendant arms were straightforwardly prepared in good yields from the undecorated azacalix[2]arene[2]triazine precursors with chlorine, dimethy...
Essential oils from foliage, bark and heartwood of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don from Azores Archipelago (Portugal) were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Two populations, of black and reddish heartwood color, were studied. The main compounds found in the foliage of both populations were Ą-pinene (9.6-29.5%), (+)-phyllocladene (3.5-26.5%), ent-kaur-16-ene (0.2-20.6%), sabinene (0.5-19.9%) and limonene (1.4-11.5%), with ...