In this article considerations regarding the importance of recovering and protecting the knowledge of tile production techniques are elaborated. An overview of the Portuguese tile production system is made. The intangible method of knowledge transfer through oral dissemination and learning “by observing and executing/imitating” is observed. A comparison is made with the dutch case, where a larger amount of tang...
Digital image processing (DIP) is a technique to extract information from images with application on several areas of engineering and architecture, which can be used as a tool to map pathologies on tile panels. This paper presents the processing tasks that must be performed on a tile panel image, to perform corrections on the image, to delineate the pathologies and to classify it´s typology, in order to produce...
The important set of azulejos that can be seen today in the ante-sacristy of the Graça Church, in Lisbon, dated from between circa 1565 (year when the building of the new complex was finished) and 1580, is probably one of the most relevant indications of a local production of azulejos in the faience technique during the 2nd half of the 16th century. In the course of a research conducted to determine the origin ...
Currently, the restoration materials used to fill gaps in architectural historic azulejos (e.g. lime or organic resin pastes) present relevant drawbacks in terms of compatibility, efficacy or durability. The current solutions are not able to fully protect the azulejos resulting in further deterioration. Geopolymers can be a potential solution for azulejo lacunae infill given the chemical-mineralogical similitud...
The consolidation treatment of azulejos is indispensable when there is a debilitated or disaggregated ceramic biscuit and/or one wishes to reestablish a weakened glaze-ceramic adherence. In this communication the impregnation profiles obtained via mass consolidation on ceramics conservation are presented. An acrylic resin, an ethyl silicate and a nanolime were used to determine the micro-drilling relevance for ...
Majolica tiles from the 17th-18th centuries make up one of the most important art heritages of Portugal. Their characterization and gains in knowledge through their reproduction are important to obtain information about their production methods, raw materials used, origin attribution and to contribute to studies in conservation and development of treatments. A group of Lisbon tiles from the late 17th to 18th ce...
Volumetric and chromatic reintegration is one of the most important but challenging treatments in conservation of in situ glazed tiles due to the need to protect them from water intrusion and further deterioration despise the demanding conditions and requirements needed in outdoor exposure. A set of six infill pastes based on aerial lime, hydraulic lime, aerial lime plus vinylic resin, epoxy resin and polyester...
Semi-industrial glazed ceramic tiles lining urban façades represent a rich heritage asset of Portuguese cities and in particular of Lisbon. However, still a sizeable part of them is being continuously lost. Whenever the façade tiles are decayed, they are usually merely removed and replaced by newly manufactured ones. Following preliminary tests done at LNEC in 2012, we introduce in this communication re-firing ...
Historic ceramic tiles – azulejos – are an important part of the cultural heritage of Portugal. However, there are not many studies about the materials used in their conservation to direct the conservator’s choice. This work is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive study on the adhesives used to bind fragments of architectural tiles. Attention is paid to the extreme conditions that may challenge the tiles ...
Portugal tem um património multisecular de azulejos que deve ser conservado e em alguns casos requer intervenções de restauro. Essas intervenções são precedidas de um levantamento gráfico de anomalias. Tradicionalmente, a construção deste documento exige o registo manual de todas as anomalias presentes, podendo ser um trabalho demorado e moroso particularmente quando os painéis têm um grande desenvolvimento em ...