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Measuring DNA modifications with the comet assay: a compendium of protocols

Collins, Andrew; Møller, Peter; Gajski, Goran; Vodenková, Soňa; Abdulwahed, Abdulhadi; Anderson, Diana; Bankoglu, Ezgi Eyluel; Bonassi, Stefano

The comet assay is a versatile method to detect nuclear DNA damage in individual eukaryotic cells, from yeast to humans. The types of damage detected encompass DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites (e.g., apurinic/apyrimidinic sites), alkylated and oxidized nucleobases, DNA-DNA crosslinks, UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, some chemically induced DNA adducts. Depending on the specimen type, there ar...


Hazard characterization of Alternaria toxins to identify data gaps and improve ...

Louro, Henriqueta; Vettorazzi, Ariane; López de Cerain, Adela; Spyropoulou, Anastasia; Solhaug, Anita; Straumfors, Anne; Behr, Anne-Cathrin

Fungi of the genus Alternaria are ubiquitous plant pathogens and saprophytes which are able to grow under varying temperature and moisture conditions as well as on a large range of substrates. A spectrum of structurally diverse secondary metabolites with toxic potential has been identified, but occurrence and relative proportion of the different metabolites in complex mixtures depend on strain, substrate, and g...


Measuring DNA modifications with the comet assay: a compendium of protocols

Collins, Andrew; Møller, Peter; Gajski, Goran; Vodenková, Soňa; Abdulwahed, Abdulhadi; Anderson, Diana; Bankoglu, Ezgi Eyluel; Bonassi, Stefano

The comet assay is a versatile method to detect nuclear DNA damage in individual eukaryotic cells, from yeast to human. The types of damage detected encompass DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites (e.g., apurinic/apyrimidinic sites), alkylated and oxidized nucleobases, DNA-DNA crosslinks, UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and some chemically induced DNA adducts. Depending on the specimen type, there ...


The comet assay in animal models: from bugs to whales (Part 1: invertebrates)

Gajski, Goran; Žegura, Bojana; Ladeira, Carina; Pourrut, Bertrand; Del Bo’, Cristian; Novak, Matjaž; Sramkova, Monika; Milić, Mirta

The comet assay, also called single cell gel electrophoresis, is a sensitive, rapid and low-cost technique for quantifying and analyzing DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The assay itself can be applied on virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues of eukaryotic organisms. Although it is mainly used on human cells, the assay has applications also in the evaluation of...


The comet assay in animal models: from bugs to whales (Part 2: vertebrates)

Gajski, Goran; Žegura, Bojana; Ladeira, Carina; Novak, Matjaž; Sramkova, Monika; Pourrut, Bertrand; Del Bo’, Cristian; Milić, Mirta

The comet assay has become one of the methods of choice for the evaluation and measurement of DNA damage. It is sensitive, quick to perform and relatively affordable for the evaluation of DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The comet assay can be applied to virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues. Even though the comet assay is predominantly used on human cells, the...


The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales – (Part 2 Vertebrates)

Gajski, Goran; Žegura, Bojana; Ladeira, Carina; Novak, Matjaž; Sramkova, Monika; Pourrut, Bertrand; Del Bo’, Cristian; Milić, Mirta

The comet assay has become one of the methods of choice for the evaluation and measurement of DNA damage. It is sensitive, quick to perform and relatively affordable for the evaluation of DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The comet assay can be applied to virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues. Even though the comet assay is predominantly used on human cells, the...


The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales – (Part 1 Invertebrates)

Gajski, Goran; Žegura, Bojana; Ladeira, Carina; Pourrut, Bertrand; Del Bo’, Cristian; Novak, Matjaž; Sramkova, Monika; Milić, Mirta

The comet assay, also called single cell gel electrophoresis, is a sensitive, rapid and low-cost technique for quantifying and analysing DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The assay itself can be applied on virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues of eukaryotic organisms. Although it is mainly used on human cells, the assay has applications also in the evaluation of...


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