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The war in Ukraine caused a major humanitarian crisis, leading thousands of civilians to leave the country and seek refuge in third countries. In this perspective, rather than being migrants, the people fleeing this war shall be considered as refugees in accordance with the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol. Council Directive 2001/55, of July 2001 created a special procedure to deal with a “mass inf...
This volume contains the scientific papers presented at the Twelfth International Conference "Challenges of Business Law in the Third Millennium” that was held on 25 November 2022 in online format on Zoom. The conference is organized each year by the Society of Juridical and Administrative Sciences. The scientific studies included in this volume are grouped into three chapters: Business Interactions Specific to...
Human rights have the pedigree of a distinguished struggle against oppression: everyone shall be treated with respect for their inherent dignity and human worth. The horrors of the Second World War provided the legal basis for the modern human rights law. The establishment of the United Nations (UN) signalled the beginning of an international concern for the protection of human rights. Human rights transnationa...
Aguarda versão final.; O Mar é o maior ativo português e só pode ser compreendido e aproveitado na sua totalidade e em todas as suas dimensões, por recurso a uma abordagem simultaneamente holística e global, que permita uma economia azul sustentável, de que o Turismo é parte relevante. [...]
Portugal’s ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1997 brought with it the need to create an appropriate strategy to assist policy makers. This was done by the Strate gic Commission for the Oceans, an entity created in 2003 with the aim of promoting a strategic plan based on the sustainable use of the ocean and its resources. More than a place allowing different uses and activiti...
A União Europeia, enquanto entidade internacional sui generis, procura lidar com as ameaças globais e contribuir para a sua resolução ou mitigação. No entanto, atendendo à sua arquitetura institucional e à natureza desafiante dessas ameaças, a União procura criar estratégias proporcionalmente inovadoras para o exercício da autoridade, de forma a permitir uma resposta mais eficiente e eficaz perante esses desafi...
A demanda por hidrocarbonetos, e a sua escassez em terra, principalmente no período subsequente à II Guerra Mundial, levou à sua demanda nos fundos marinhos adjacentes ao território terrestre dos Estados costeiros. Ao ato unilateral protagonizado pelos Estados Unidos da América, com a Proclamação Truman, seguiu-se a assimilação da figura jurídica da plataforma continental por vários outros Estados, o que origin...
In the wake of the abuses that occurred during World War II States have paid more attention to the creation and implementation of international standards of behavior. First, with the UN Charter, which includes among its purposes the achievement of international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for ...
Parecer realizado à ISA-International Seabed Authority conforme agreement Nº. ISA/018/089; At its twenty-fourth session in July 2018, the Finance Committee of the Authority examined a report by the Secretary-General on the development of equitable sharing criteria for the financial benefits from deep seabed mining (ISBA/24/FC/4). [...]; International Seabed Authority