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A Iniciativa de Cidadania Europeia (ICE) é um importante instrumento de democracia participativa na União Europeia, permitindo aos cidadãos influenciar a agenda política, através de um convite, dirigido à Comissão Europeia, para apresentar propostas legislativas. Sendo um convite, não implica uma obrigatoriedade de aceitação pela Comissão das propostas e medidas constantes das mesmas. Mas até onde vai o poder d...
Armed conflicts at sea present challenges due to a complex interplay of regulations from conventional and customary sources. These rules intersect with those of the law of the sea and international humanitarian law (IHL) creating a nuanced framework . The law of naval warfare is a subset of international humanitarian law that governs conduct in international armed conflict, prohibiting excessive harm and the ta...
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The war in Ukraine caused a major humanitarian crisis, leading thousands of civilians to leave the country and seek refuge in third countries. In this perspective, rather than being migrants, the people fleeing this war shall be considered as refugees in accordance with the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol. Council Directive 2001/55, of July 2001 created a special procedure to deal with a “mass inf...
Aguarda versão final.; O Mar é o maior ativo português e só pode ser compreendido e aproveitado na sua totalidade e em todas as suas dimensões, por recurso a uma abordagem simultaneamente holística e global, que permita uma economia azul sustentável, de que o Turismo é parte relevante. [...]
This volume contains the scientific papers presented at the Twelfth International Conference "Challenges of Business Law in the Third Millennium” that was held on 25 November 2022 in online format on Zoom. The conference is organized each year by the Society of Juridical and Administrative Sciences. The scientific studies included in this volume are grouped into three chapters: Business Interactions Specific to...
Human rights have the pedigree of a distinguished struggle against oppression: everyone shall be treated with respect for their inherent dignity and human worth. The horrors of the Second World War provided the legal basis for the modern human rights law. The establishment of the United Nations (UN) signalled the beginning of an international concern for the protection of human rights. Human rights transnationa...