Non-invasive and non-destructive procedures offer a benefit over standard methods of chemical analysis in the study of heritage. Unlike intrusive sampling, which involves removing a sample for examination, these approaches do not cause any damage to the materials being studied. The utilization of laser scanning enables the generation of a three-dimensional point cloud representing the object under investigation...
Soares dos Reis’ natural gifts for the fine arts and the knowledge obtained during his academic career provided him with the tools for teaching and executing his work, considering clay models as a transitional material and original plaster models. The Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis (MNSR) houses among other works of art a great number of original plaster models. Nowadays, they are a source of technical informat...
The gilded polychrome carved wood in Portugal, (talha dourada) gained its most rich expression during the Baroque epoch with the development of production techniques and the use of of gold leaf. The present paper proposes a complementary and comparative study of two important complexes of talha: one from St. Alberto’s church, integrating the visiting circuit of the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga (Lisbon), and th...
Complementing carved wood altarpieces and sculptures, the use of metallic leaves became paradigmatic of Portuguese religious ambiences during the 17th and 18th centuries. Although gold has always been favoured, alternative techniques to attain the desired golden lustre were developed simultaneously, mainly with the use of white metallic leaves covered with coloured glazes. Written historic references, present i...
A produção de um retábulo resulta de um processo coletivo de criação artística, sendo vários os artífices de diferentes ofícios que colaboram nas diferentes fases da sua execução: desde o risco, passando pelo entalhe e assemblagem, até ao douramento e policromia. O revestimento das formas entalhadas com folhas metálicas e policromia, executado pelo pintor-dourador, podia valer-se de um vasto leque de recursos t...
The visible polychromy of a wooden sculpture representing St. John the Evangelist, from Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon (Portugal) presents several techniques that complement each other on the creation of a sumptuous estofado. This case-study allowed the survey on gilding, silvering and polychromy practices, and observations on their execution are briefly reported and documented with results from a multi-...
The paper deals with an interdisciplinary and multi-technique study of gilding materials and techniques in several Portuguese altarpieces during the Baroque period, developed within a research project funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/EAT-EAT/116700/2010). Different microscopic techniques together with X-ray diffraction, X-ray micro-CT, micro-FTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopy ...
A mixture of beeswax and Dammar resin (in a ratio of 7 parts to 2 parts, respectively) prepared as an adhesive, was profusely used for fixing water gilding and tempera coatings on polychrome sculptures, in Portugal, in the second half of the twentieth century. This practice was the result of a conservation technology transfer that took place throughout northern Europe, namely throughout education and training o...