<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The rise of antibiotic resistance in the food chain is influenced by the use of antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics, metals, and biocides, throughout the entire farm-to-fork continuum. Besides, non-clinical reservoirs potentially contribute to the transmission of critical pathogens such as multidrug-resistant (MDR)<jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae</jats:italic>. H...