Identification of secondary phases and their dependence on composition and firing conditions were used as guidelines to re-examine effects of alumina on bulk and grain boundary properties of ceria-gadolinia electrolytes. Solubility of alumina may contribute to enhance bulk properties of samples with low contents of gadolinia, probably by enhancing the concentration of oxygen vacancies as prevailing charge carri...
Ce1-xSmxO2-delta powders (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) were prepared by a freeze-drying method, preserving monophasic fluorites when precursors were annealed between 375 and 1600 degrees C. Dried precursor powders were calcined at 375 degrees C for 4 h and sintered at 1600 degrees C for 10 h yielding gas-tight ceramics with densifications >95%. The oxygen-electrochemical permeability measurements were employed to study t...
This article presents an overview of regulations, guidelines and societal debates in eight member states of the EC about a) embryonic and fetal tissue transplantation (EFTT), and b) the use of human embryonic stem cells (hES cells) for research into cell therapy, including 'therapeutic' cloning. There appears to be a broad acceptance of EFTT in these countries. In most countries guidance has been developed. The...