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Beach sand and the potential for infectious disease transmission: observations ...
Solo-Gabriele, Helena; Harwood, Valerie J.; Kay, David; Fujioka, Roger; Sadowsky, Michael; Whitman, Richard; Wither, Andrew; Caniça, ManuelaRecent studies suggest that sand can serve as a vehicle for exposure of humans to pathogens at beach sites, resulting in increased health risks. Sampling for microorganisms in sand should be considered for inclusion in regulatory programmes aimed at protecting recreational beach users from infectious disease. In an effort to provide recommendations for sand sampling programmes in the original article, we outlin...
Beach sand and the potential for infectious disease transmission: observations ...
Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.; Harwood, Valerie J.; Kay, David; Fujioka, Roger S.; Sadowsky, Michael J.; Whitman, Richard L.; Wither, Andrew; Caniça, ManuelaRecent studies suggest that sand can serve as a vehicle for exposure of humans to pathogens at beach sites, resulting in increased health risks. Sampling for microorganisms in sand should therefore be considered for inclusion in regulatory programmes aimed at protecting recreational beach users from infectious disease. Here, we review the literature on pathogen levels in beach sand, and their potential for affe...