The use of solar thermal energy to supply industrial process heat is one of the most promising areas for solar market growth. Whereas low temperature (T < 100 °C) applications and the higher end of medium temperature applications (200 °C < T < 400 °C) are well suited for stationary collectors and line-focusing tracking collectors, respectively, a gap in collector offer exists in between. Non-imaging CPC (Compou...
The collection of solar energy in the upper part (80–150 °C) of the low temperature range commonly relies on evacuated tubular collectors with or without a back reflector. The reflector is usually of the CPC type and designed for a collector concentration ratio below 1. Increasing the concentration ratio lowers thermal loss while limiting the collector acceptance angle. A hemispherical acceptance makes the inst...
RESUMO: O calor solar para processos industriais (SHIP) tem-se apresentado como um nicho de crescimento da capacidade instalada de solar térmico a nível mundial e pelo menos 741 sistemas, totalizando uma área de coletores de 662 648 m2 (567 MWth), encontravam-se em operação no final de 2018, dos quais 108 foram novos sistemas que começaram a operar durante esse ano. Em Portugal, para além de casos pontuais de p...
RESUMO: Excluídos os usos não energéticos de fontes de energia primária, os consumos de energia final (FEC) associados à produção de calor de processo no sector Industrial correspondem, à escala global, a 23% do FEC total entre todos os sectores. Apresentando o potencial de suprir as necessidades de calor de processo a baixa e média temperatura – 52% das necessidades – a sua penetração actual no mercado corresp...
RESUMO: O calor solar para processos industriais (SHIP) tem-se apresentado como um nicho de crescimento da capacidade instalada de solar térmico a nível mundial e pelo menos 741 sistemas, totalizando uma área de coletores de 662 648 m2 (567 MWth), encontravam-se em operação no final de 2018, dos quais 108 foram novos sistemas que começaram a operar durante esse ano. Em Portugal, para além de casos pontuais de p...
ABSTRACT: Tonatiuh is an open source, freeware, Monte Carlo ray tracer suitable for CST applications, and is currently under further development to to increase and improve its functionalities. Work has recently been performed to implement the following functionalities: a flux distribution calculation utility; materials with incidence angle dependent optical properties; and the ability to import 3D geometries fr...
Resumo: A investigação tende a descrever o pai como parceiro de jogo que favorece a liberdade de ação; enquanto a mãe, tende a reforçar a comunicação nas interações, envolvendo afetivamente a criança. Nos casos em que a mãe brinca e o pai presta cuidados básicos à criança, a qualidade da interação pai-filhos aumenta consideravelmente. Neste estudo, observamos pai e mãe independentemente na mesma situação experi...
The present work describes the progresses made in the measurement of Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) in the south of Portugal (Southern Europe), with a network of eleven solar radiation measurement stations in several locations scattered through this region. Since the beginning of this initiative, in 2014, the network has increased from 8 to 11 measuring stations and will, in a short time, increase to 12. The in...
The present work describes the progresses made in the measurement of Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) in the south of Portugal (Southern Europe), with a network of eleven solar radiation measurement stations in several locations scattered through this region. Since the beginning of this initiative, in 2014, the network has increased from 8 to 11 measuring stations and will, in a short time, increase to 12. The in...
The previous research performed in children life contexts tend to describe fathers as non-directive playmates; while mothers tend to reinforce the communication during interactions and involve affectively the child. When mothers are playmates and fathers give basic care to their child the quality of the interaction of mother-infant and father-infant increases considerably. In this study, fathers and mothers wer...