Estuaries have huge socio-economic and environmental importance. They are a shelter for many species and their natural resources are exploited by human activities. However, the intensification of flood events and the sea-level rise (SLR), caused by climate change (CC), can jeopardize its complex dynamics. This work characterizes the hydrodynamic behaviour of the Douro river estuary, located in northern Portugal...
<jats:p><p>Spits are landforms that present a complex morphology, which depends on currents, waves, sediment transport, tidal range and anthropic-induced changes. Their position and shape is subject to extreme events like flood river discharges and storms. They can also respond to processes that take place at larger time scales, as plate tectonics, sea level rise or even climatological patterns with telec...