Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equalit...
This research investigates how female students choose their graduation outfit andhow clothing affects observers’ judgments. In Study 1, we manipulated the students’graduation outfit so as to look professional or sexy. Female peers, adults, and professorsformed a first impression about the students, their thesis work and guessed theirgraduation scores (thesis points and final mark). All participant groups judged...