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Gallium-Carbon: A Universal Composite for Sustainable 3D Printing of Integrated...

Parvini, Elahe; Hajalilou, Abdollah; Gonçalves Vilarinho, João Pedro; Alhais Lopes, Pedro; Maranha, Miguel; Tavakoli, Mahmoud

This study presents a novel three-dimensional (3D) printable gallium-carbon black-styrene isoprene styrene block copolymer (Ga-CB-SIS), offering a versatile solution for the rapid fabrication of stretchable and integrated sensor-heater-battery systems in wearable and recyclable electronics. The composite exhibits sinter-free characteristics, allowing for printing on various substrates, including heat-sensitive ...


Replacing the Gallium Oxide Shell with Conductive Ag: Toward a Printable and Re...

Hajalilou, Abdollah; Parvini, Elahe; Morgado, Tiago A.; Lopes, Pedro Alhais; Jorge, M. Estrela Melo; Freitas, Marta; Tavakoli, Mahmoud

Liquid metal (LM)-based composites hold promise for soft electronics due to their high conductivity and fluidic nature. However, the presence of α-Ga2O3 and GaOOH layers around LM droplets impairs conductivity and performance. We tackle this issue by replacing the oxide layer with conductive silver (Ag) using an ultrasonic-assisted galvanic replacement reaction. The Ag-coated nanoparticles form aggregated, poro...


Photodegradable Non‐Drying Hydrogel Substrates for Liquid Metal Based Sustainab...

Fonseca, Rita G.; Hajalilou, Abdollah; Freitas, Marta; Kuster, Aline; Parvini, Elahe; Serra, Arménio; Coelho, Jorge; Tavakoli, Mahmoud

The increasing interest in disposable electronics such as wearable patches, e-textiles, and smart packaging, warns emergence of another man-made disaster. A paradigm shift toward a more sustainable future through the development of soft material architectures that are robust and durable, but also degradable by external stimuli is proposed. Hydrogels, a class of soft polymers with exceptional properties, and hig...


3R Batteries: Resilient, Repairable, and Recyclable Based on Liquid Gallium Ele...

Parvini, Elahe; Hajalilou, Abdollah; Lopes, Pedro Alhais; Silva, André F.; Tiago, Miguel Soares Maranha; Fernandes, Pedro Miguel Patrício

Billions of disposable thin-film electronics will be produced annually in the near future, for applications in smart packaging, IoT, and wearable biomonitoring patches. For these cases, traditional rigid batteries are not optimal neither in terms of form and ergonomics nor ecological aspects. There is an urgent need for a new class of energy storage devices that are thin, stretchable, resilient, and recyclable....


Digitally Printable Magnetic Liquid Metal Composite for Recyclable Soft‐Matter ...

Hajalilou, Abdollah; Parvini, Elahe; Pereira, João Pedro Marques; Lopes, Pedro Alhais; Silva, André F.; De Almeida, Anibal; Tavakoli, Mahmoud

The increasing interest in epidermal patches for wearable monitoring makes it urgent to move toward “greener” and recyclable materials in printed electronics. However, combining scalable fabrication, stretchable function, and recyclable material architecture is challenging to achieve. Herein, this article introduces a printable biphasic liquid metal (LM)-based composite that combines excellent electrical conduc...


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