Agriculture provides livelihoods for 40% of worldwide population1 . Due to the rapid human population growth, it is estimated that global food production will need to increase by 60% to feed over 9.8 billion people by 20502 . The use of pesticides contributes to high crop yields and effective farm management3 . Globally, 4.6 million tons of chemical pesticides are sprayed into the environment every year4,5. Out...
[Excerpt] The need to increase food production to feed an increasingly growing world population has led to an intensive use of pesticides. Globally, 4.6 million tons of chemical pesticides are sprayed into the environment every year1 . Out of the total consumption of pesticides, 17.5% are in the form of fungicides. However, pesticides have undesirable characteristics, such as the development of pathogen resista...
Propolis is a natural complex mixture produced by honey bees (particularly Apis mellifera L.) by collecting exudates from various plant sources. Characterized by a plethora of chemicals, propolis is generally rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids and terpene derivatives, bioactive compounds associated to it’s antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and antioxidant activities1 . Previous work had shown that...