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Density separation of petrous bone powders for optimized ancient DNA yields
Fernandes, Daniel; Sirak, Kendra A.; Cheronet, Olivia; Novak, Mario; Brück, Florian; Zelger, Evelyn; Llanos-Lizcano, Alejandro; Wagner, AnnaDensity separation is a process routinely used to segregate minerals, organic matter, and even microplastics, from soils and sediments. Here we apply density separation to archaeological bone powders before DNA extraction to increase endogenous DNA recovery relative to a standard control extraction of the same powders. Using nontoxic heavy liquid solutions, we separated powders from the petrous bones of 10 indi...
A genetic history of continuity and mobility in the Iron Age central Mediterranean
Moots, Hannah M.; Antonio, Margaret; Sawyer, Susanna; Spence, Jeffrey P.; Oberreiter, Victoria; Weiß, Clemens L.; Lucci, MichaelaThe Iron Age was a dynamic period in central Mediterranean history, with the expansion of Greek and Phoenician colonies and the growth of Carthage into the dominant maritime power of the Mediterranean. These events were facilitated by the ease of long-distance travel following major advances in seafaring. We know from the archaeological record that trade goods and materials were moving across great distances in...
An integrative skeletal and paleogenomic analysis of stature variation suggests...
Marciniak, Stephanie; Bergey, Christina M.; Silva, Ana Maria; Hałuszko, Agata; Furmanek, Mirosław; Veselka, Barbara; Velemínský, PetrHuman culture, biology, and health were shaped dramatically by the onset of agriculture ∼12,000 y B.P. This shift is hypothesized to have resulted in increased individual fitness and population growth as evidenced by archaeological and population genomic data alongside a decline in physiological health as inferred from skeletal remains. Here, we consider osteological and ancient DNA data from the same prehistor...
Integrating buccal and occlusal dental microwear with isotope analyses for a co...
Hernando, Raquel; Gamarra, Beatriz; McCall, Ashley; Cheronet, Olivia; Fernandes, Daniel; Sirak, Kendra; Schmidt, Ryan; Lozano, Marina; Szeniczey, TamásDietary reconstruction is used to make inferences about the subsistence strategies of ancient human populations, but it may also serve as a proxy to characterise their diverse cultural and technological manifestations. Dental microwear and stable isotope analyses have been shown to be successful techniques for paleodietary reconstruction of ancient populations but, despite yielding complementary dietary informa...
TKGWV2: an ancient DNA relatedness pipeline for ultra-low coverage whole genome...
Fernandes, Daniel; Cheronet, Olivia; Gelabert, Pere; Pinhasi, RonEstimation of genetically related individuals is playing an increasingly important role in the ancient DNA field. In recent years, the numbers of sequenced individuals from single sites have been increasing, reflecting a growing interest in understanding the familial and social organisation of ancient populations. Although a few different methods have been specifically developed for ancient DNA, namely to tackl...
Cranial deformation and genetic diversity in three adolescent male individuals ...
Fernandes, Daniel; Sirak, Kendra; Cheronet, Olivia; Howcroft, Rachel; Čavka, Mislav; Los, Dženi; Burmaz, Josip; Pinhasi, Ron; Novak, MarioThree individuals dating to the Great Migration Period (5th century CE) were discovered in a pit at the Hermanov vinograd site in Osijek, Croatia. We were inspired to study these individuals based on their unusual burial context as well as the identification of two different types of artificial cranial deformation in two of the individuals. We combine bioarchaeological analysis with radiographic imaging, stable...
Genome-Wide DNA from Degraded Petrous Bones and the Assessment of Sex and Proba...
Gaudio, Daniel; Fernandes, Daniel M.; Schmidt, Ryan; Cheronet, Olivia; Mazzarelli, Debora; Mattia, Mirko; O'Keeffe, Tadhg; Feeney, Robin N. M.The acquisition of biological information and assessment of the most probable geographic origin of unidentified individuals for obtaining positive identification is central in forensic sciences. Identification based on forensic DNA, however, varies greatly in relation to degradation of DNA. Our primary aim is to assess the applicability of a petrous bone sampling method in combination with Next Generation Seque...
The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years
Olalde, Iñigo; Mallick, Swapan; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa; Silva, Marina; Dulias, Katharina; Edwards, Ceiridwen JWe assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, ...
The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years
Olalde, Iñigo; Mallick, Swapan; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa; Silva, Marina; Dulias, Katharina; Edwards, Ceiridwen J.We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, ...
The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe
Olalde, Iñigo; Brace, Selina; Allentoft, Morten E; Armit, Ian; Kristiansen, Kristian; Booth, Thomas; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, SwapanFrom around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled its expansion are a matter of long-standing debate, and there is support for both cultural diffusion and migration having a role in this process. Here we present genome-wide data from 400 Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age Europeans, in...