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A low-cost and flexible prototype for static and dynamic calibration of pressur...

Digital to analog converter based on pulse-width adding

This paper presents a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) based on the pulse width created naturally by the binary counting sequence. The concept involves combining the counting impulses of the bits to form a pulse-width modulated signal, where the mean voltage is proportional to the input digital code. We propose a circuit capable of achieving this using general-purpose components. Although our design targets 8 ...

IoT, UAV, BCI empowered deep learning models in precision agriculture

Digital to analog converter based on pulse-width adding

This paper presents a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) based on the pulse width created naturally by the binary counting sequence. The concept involves combining the counting impulses of the bits to form a pulsewidth modulated signal, where the mean voltage is proportional to the input digital code. We propose a circuit capable of achieving this using general-purpose components. Although our design targets 8 b...

Pressure sensors: working principles of static and dynamic calibration

This paper starts with an overview of the main principles used for pressure measurements, focusing on their usage in industrial applications’ domains. Then, the importance of calibration procedures, namely, static and dynamic calibration of pressure sensors, is analyzed. Regarding calibration, it is important to note that there are several applications where the pressure signals to be measured can have large va...

Balanced Scorecard: A Powerful Method to Improve the Management of Educational ...

Teaching, learning and education are the main activities related with any higher education institution (HEI), be they public or private. In this context, the balanced scorecard (BSC) is a powerful method that helps the successful application of performance measurements in terms of the efficiency of the programs, processes and people of any educational institution. The key performance indicators (KPI) are crucia...

Improved PWM A/D conversion technique: working principle and model validation

Analog-to-digital conversion plays a central role in any application of digital sensors and sensor systems that require an interface between analog devices, namely analog sensors, and digital devices, namely, microprocessors, digital signal processors or microcontrollers. With the advent of smart sensing, the integration of signal conditioning, analog-to-digital and digital data processing in single hardware de...

Software Based Sigma-Delta Converter with Auto-Calibration Capabilities

This paper presents a software based sigma-delta converter. The proposed A/D converter represents a lowcost and flexible digitalization solution that can be used in a large number of applications. The proposed discrete A/D converter tasks, that are performed by a microcontroller, include: digital filtering, oversampling, noise shaping and decimation. A simple implementation of the digital filtering is easily im...

Industrial Internet of the Things

Sensor Communication Interfaces and Standards

The chapter talks about the interfaces used to communicate with sensors and the standards available to channel data to higher logical levels. These communication interfaces and standards aim at abstracting the sensor layer in order to achieve interoperability at the layers above. Two standards are covered in detail: the IEEE 1451 standard that defines a smart transducer interface for sensors and actuators, and ...