Funding Information: Content produced within the scope of the Agenda “NEXUS—Pacto de Inovação—Transição Verde e Digital para Transportes, Logística e Mobilidade”, financed by the Portuguese Recovery and Resilience Plan (PRR), with no. C645112083-00000059 (investment project n.º 53). Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025.; The port industry plays a vital role in the global economy by enhancing supply chain c...