Military occupation is the maximum level of political intervention based on coercion, but even under Axis rule, the institutional design of dictatorships by their ‘collaborationist’ elites was influenced by different models and political families. Military occupation opened a window of opportunity for the takeover of power by different segments of authoritarian and fascist elites, and the tension and forced pac...
This study examines the state of Political Science in Portugal by analyzing its indexed publications. While prior research has referred to aspects such as pedagogical programs, institutions, and local journals, we adopt a comprehensive approach to focus on a very specific kind of research output. We explore institutionalization, internationalization, and the scholarly community, shedding light on Political Scie...
Corporatism put an indelible mark on the first decades of the twentieth century- during the interwar period particularly-both as a set of institutions created by the forced integration of organized interests (mainly independent unions) into the state, and as an organic-statist type of politicaI representation, alternative to liberal democracy.l Variants of corporatism inspired conservative, radicalright, and fa...