ABSTRACT: Estimated natural background levels (NBLs) are needed to assess groundwater chemical status according to the EU Groundwater Directive. They are commonly derived for different substances by applying statistical methodologies. Due to the complexity of the sea water intrusion process, some of those methods do not always provide appropriate assessment of chloride NBLs. This paper analyzes the applicabilit...
This chapter is based on outcomes of the working group 3 Questionnaire of the COST Action ES1404 (www.harmosnow.eu) and provides a discussion of snow data assimilation in research and operational applications, which will be presented in detail in a manuscript (Helmert et al., 2018).