Bisphenol A and ethinylestradiol, both considered as endocrine disruptors, have been found in surface water and effluents from municipal wastewater supply and can cause adverse health effects on wildlife species and in human beings at extremely low level. In order to remove these compounds from wastewater, constructed wetlands has been used since it proved to be more efficient, and has less cost than convention...
The widespread use of moxidectin (MOX), a parasiticide used in the sheep breeding, has induced the parasite resistance in Brazilian farms. As a consequence, the farmers often increase the dose and frequency of drug utilization, and disregards safety of meat or milk. In order to establish adequate therapeutic treatment it is necessary to know the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the animal's body. Thus, high perf...
Synthetic fungicides are a common treatment for post-harvest diseases in fruits, although demand is increasing for alternatives such as biopesticides. The aim of this work was to investigate the presence of naturally occurring antifungal compounds in Brazilian specimens of the weed Conyza canadensis. Two compounds [(4Z)-lachnophyllum lactone and (4Z,8Z)-matricaria lactone] were isolated and their antifungal act...
Physicochemical and ecotoxicological measurements were employed to appraise the water quality of the Corumbataí River raw water (RW) intake, and that of its filtered (FW) and treated (TW) waters, processed by the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) of Piracicaba (SP,Brazil) during 2010. Some herbicides: ametrine, atrazine, simazine and tebuthiuron, were measured, with levels ranging from 0.01 to 10.3 µg L-1. These were...
This paper presents a practical and rapid method which was validated for simultaneous quantification and confirmation of 29 pesticides in fruits and vegetables using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The samples were extracted following the method known as QuEChERS. Using the developed chromatographic conditions, the pesticides can be separated in less than 9 min. Tw...
This work investigated the presence of PAH in sewage sludge and in soil with sewage sludge applied as agricultural fertilizer and simulated a long-term risk of soil contamination by PAH. The samples were extracted using dichloromethane and then with n-hexane in ultrasonic bath. The clean-up of the extract was done on a column containing alumina. The residual PAH were obtained using a gas chromatograph coupled t...
São Paulo state (Brazil) has an important area of sugarcane production, mainly for obtaining alcohol and sugar, where there is an intensive use of pesticides. An important recharge zone of Guarani aquifer, with supplies water for the local population, is located at Ribeirão Preto city, so the local behavior of pesticides must be investigated. The GUS index was obtained by using the paramenters Koc and half-life...
This paper presents an easy and practical procedure to obtain silica-based C-8 type sorbents for use in solid-phase extraction. The materials are prepared by depositing poly(methyloctylsiloxane), PMOS, on the silica support. Two different treatments for immobilization were used: thermal treatment or gamma irradiation. Suitable recoveries were obtained after pre-concentration of dilute solutions, at the ng/L lev...
This work presents an alternative method for determination of the herbicides tebuthiuron and hexazinone in ground water. The extraction was made with dichloromethane and the analyses by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), using reversed-phase column, C-18, mobile phase methanol/water 50:50, v/v, detection and quantification at 247 nm. The following validation parameters were obtained: limit of detect...
When organic compounds present in biological fluids are analysed by chromatographic methods, it is generally necessary to carry out a prior sample preparation due the high complexity of this type of sample, especially when the compounds to be determinated are found in very low concentrations. This article describes some of the principal methods for sample preparation in analyses of substances present in biologi...