The COVID‑19 pandemic has increased the existing challenges of all health systems, and the quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) worldwide has been particularly affected.1,2 During the pandemic, even among high income countries of the World Health Organisation (WHO) European Region, multiple studies, including a systematic review1,3, 4, 5 have documented a deterioration in key indicators, such as: reduced...
Objective: To investigate potential associations between individual and country- level factors and medicalization of birth in 15 European countries during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Methods: Online anonymous survey of women who gave birth in 2020– 2021. Multivariable multilevel logistic regression models estimating associations between indicators of medicalization (cesarean, instrumental vaginal birth [IVB], episi...