A questão da cidadania territorial é uma temática incontornável atualmente na educação geográfica, em Portugal. É em torno da relevância desta no-ção e seus desafios que este texto se foca. Para tal, discute-se o conceito de cidadania territorial (conceito mais utilizado na literatura nacional) em relação ao de cidadania espacial (conceito mais utilizado na literatura inter-nacional), identificando-se pontos em...
The world is changing at an accelerating pace with relevant consequences to sustainability, territorial cohesion and the relation between territories. Over the past decades, the EU Cohesion Policy is supporting regulations, programs that ensure a harmonious development by reducing the differences existing between the various regions and strengthening of its economic, social, and territorial cohesion. In Portuga...
Bottles and carboys are used for frozen storage and transport of biopharmaceutical formulations under a wide range of conditions. The quality of freezing and thawing in these systems has been questioned due to the formation of heterogeneous ice structures and the deformation of containers. This work shows that during freezing of bulk protein solutions, the liquid at the air-liquid interface freezes first, formi...