Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin, first identified in fish from the Tetraodontidae family but also detected in marine invertebrates. A Human poisoning episode after consumption of trumpet shell Charonia lampas, likely caught off the Portuguese mainland southern coast - Algarve, together with the increasing reports of TTX in European waters, led the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to recommend max...
Climate change is increasing marine heatwaves (MHWs) frequency and severity worldwide. These extreme events often cause bivalves' mass mortality and facilitate the growth, proliferation and dispersion of toxinproducing microalgae blooms associated with threats to seafood safety. Yet, the interactive effects between MHW and uptake of marine biotoxins by biota are a novel topic still lacking thorough research, fr...
This study evaluates the degradation and detoxification of okadaic acid (OA), a marine biotoxin, through UVassisted photochemical processes using environmentally relevant OA concentrations. Experiments were conducted in distilled water (DW) and artificial seawater (ASW), applying two UV sources: UV-LED (lambda(max) = 275 nm) and low-pressure mercury lamp (LP-Hg; lambda = 254 nm), combined with hydrogen peroxide...
During the development and senescence of harmful algal blooms (HAB), most of the algae cells not ingested by grazers or filter-feeding organisms sink to the bottom, making sediments important reservoirs of algae toxins. In this study, lipophilic marine toxins were determined in the sediments collected from depths ranging from 5 to 145 m depth in the marine protected area of Arrabida (southwest Portuguese coast)...
During the development and senescence of harmful algal blooms (HAB), most of the algae cells not ingested by grazers or filter-feeding organisms sink to the bottom, making sediments important reservoirs of algae toxins. In this study, lipophilic marine toxins were determined in the sediments collected from depths ranging from 5 to 145 m depth in the marine protected area of Arrabida ´ (southwest Portuguese coas...
The dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedra are potential yessotoxin (YTX) producers, which have been associated with blooms responsible for economic, social, and ecological impacts around the world. They occur in Iberian waters, but in this region, little is known of their ecophysiology and toxin profiles. This study investigated the growth and toxin production of two strains of ea...
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have doubled in frequency since the 1980s and are projected to be exacerbated during this century. MHWs have been shown to trigger harmful algal blooms (HABs), with severe consequences to marine life and human populations. Within this context, this study aims to understand, for the first time, how MHWs impact key biological and toxicological parameters of the paralytic shellfish toxin (P...
Bivalves are a high-value product whose production has markedly increased, reaching 9863 tonnes in Portugal in 2021. Bivalves' habitats-lagoons, estuaries and coastal waters-are exposed to biological and anthropogenic contaminants, which can bioaccumulate in these organisms and pose a significant public health risk. The need to obtain a safe product for human consumption led to the implementation of standardise...
Simple Summary Harmful algal blooms present a particular risk for marine ecosystems and human health alike. In this sense, it is important to accurately predict how toxin-producing microalgae could be affected by future climate change. The present study applied species distribution models (SDMs) to project the potential changes in the habitat suitability and distribution of three key paralytic shellfish toxin (...
The neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by several species of both prokaryotic (cyanobacteria) and eukaryotic (diatoms) microorganisms, has been proposed to be associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. At first, BMAA appeared to be ubiquitously present worldwide in various organisms, from aquatic and terrestrial food webs. However, recent stu...