Plant viruses are one of the main threats to crops and food security worldwide, being very difficult to monitor and control. Since there are no effective chemical products against plant viruses, using virus-resistant plants is often the only option. Many promising strategies have been developed to engineer virus resistance however, several setbacks have hampered their utility in agriculture. In prokaryotes, clu...
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to understand how the Institute of Public and Social Policies could be useful for Portuguese society in terms of post-graduate training in the area of aging. Design/methodology/approach - The authors have conducted two focus groups (n=11), one with professionals of one large and three medium size social organizations, and the other with managers of three large, two medium ...
[Excerpt] Anaerobic microbial diversity encloses a very high potential that can be used for biotechnological applications. This potential is still largely unexplored, since the majority of the microorganisms in Nature are unknown or poorly characterized. This work is focused on the study of novel anaerobic microorganisms that participate in the metabolism of lipids, long chain fatty acids (LCFA) and glycerol, w...
Our paper addresses two gaps in the literature on management control mechanisms in the context of inter-organizational relationships. Firstly, several studies have focused on oneto- one relationships, but few take a network perspective which analyses the deployment of management control mechanisms in the context of networks involving multiple interactions between organizations. Secondly, even fewer studies have...
© 2005 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.; The possibility of repairing brain lesions is a crucial issue. Knowing how regeneration occurs allows novel concepts in the process of protecting the nervous system, in other words to induce and to develop neuroprotection. Brain insults cause irreversible tissue damage by at least three mechanisms: First, through consequences of mechanical disruption of neurons or their p...
Kainate receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors located postsynaptically, mediating frequency-dependent transmission, and presynaptically, modulating transmitter release. In contrast to the excitatory postsynaptic kainate receptors, presynaptic kainate receptor can also be inhibitory and their effects may involve a metabotropic action. Arachidonic acid (AA) modulates most ionotropic receptors, in particula...
© The Physiological Society 2003; At synapses, ATP is released and metabolised through ecto-nucleotidases forming adenosine, which modulates neurotransmitter release through inhibitory A1 or facilitatory A2A receptors, according to the amounts of extracellular adenosine. Neuromuscular junctions possess an ecto-AMP deaminase that can dissociate extracellular ATP catabolism from adenosine formation. In this study...
At synapses, ATP is released and metabolised through ecto-nucleotidases forming adenosine, which modulates neurotransmitter release through inhibitory A1 or facilitatory A2A receptors, according to the amounts of extracellular adenosine. Neuromuscular junctions possess an ecto-AMP deaminase that can dissociate extracellular ATP catabolism from adenosine formation. In this study we have investigated the pattern ...
Electrophysiological recordings were used to investigate the effects of ATP analogues on [theta]-burst-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in rat hippocampal slices. [alpha],[beta]-Methylene ATP ([alpha],[beta]-MeATP; 20 [mu]M) decreased LTP from 36±9% to 17±5%, an effect prevented by adenosine A1 receptor blockade in accordance with the localised catabolism of ATP analogues into adenosine, leading to adenosin...
Adenosine either inhibits or facilitates synaptic transmission through A1 or A2A receptors, respectively. Since A2A receptor density increases in the limbic cortex of aged (24 mo) compared with young adult rats (2 mo), we tested if A2A receptor modulation of synaptic transmission was also increased in aged rats. The A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680 (10 nM), caused a larger facilitation of the field excitatory pos...