12 documents found, page 1 of 2

Unravelling the triad of neuroinvasion, neurodissemination, and neuroinflammati...

Since the identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in 1983, many improvements have been made to control viral replication in the peripheral blood and to treat opportunistic infections. This has increased life expectancy but also the incidence of age-related central nervous system (CNS) disorders and HIV-associated neurodegeneration/neurocognitive impairment and depression collectively refer...

HIV/Mtb co-infection: from the amplification of disease pathogenesis to an "eme...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are pathogens responsible for millions of new infections each year; together, they cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, late-stage HIV infection increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) by a factor of 20 in latently infected people, and even patients with controlled HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (AR...

Cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 and HIV-2 from infected macrophages and dend...

Macrophages (Mø) and dendritic cells (DCs) are key players in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and pathogenesis. They are essential for the spread of HIV to CD4+ T lymphocytes (TCD4+) during acute infection. In addition, they constitute a persistently infected reservoir in which viral production is maintained for long periods of time during chronic infection. Defining how HIV interacts with these ce...

HIV/Mtb Co-Infection: From the Amplification of Disease Pathogenesis to an Emer...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are pathogens responsible for millions of new infections each year; together, they cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, late-stage HIV infection increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) by a factor of 20 in latently infected people, and even patients with controlled HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (AR...

Novel Antiretroviral Therapeutic Strategies for HIV.

When the first cases of HIV infection appeared in the 1980s, AIDS was a deadly disease without any therapeutic alternatives. Currently, there is still no cure for most cases mainly due to the multiple tissues that act as a reservoir for this virus besides the high viral mutagenesis that leads to an antiretroviral drug resistance. Throughout the years, multiple drugs with specific mechanisms of action on distinc...

HIV-2 interaction with cell coreceptors: amino acids within the V1/V2 region of...

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) use cellular receptors in distinct ways. Besides a more promiscuous usage of coreceptors by HIV-2 and a more frequent detection of CD4-independent HIV-2 isolates, we have previously identified two HIV-2 isolates (HIV-2MIC97 and HIV-2MJC97) that do not use the two major HIV coreceptors: CCR5 and CXCR4. All these features suggest that in HIV-2 the...

A patogénese da infecção pelo VIH-2 e os receptores das quimiocinas : influênci...

The chemokines and their receptors: characteristics and physiological functions.

Chemokines are members of a large family of small soluble proteins, which were discovered by their adhesion control, chemotaxis and leukocyte activation abilities. Nevertheless, it is now known they are involved in other equally important functions, namely, angiogenesis, haematopoiesis, embryologic development, B and T cell development, dendritic cell maturation, inflammation, infection, tumour growth and metas...

Molecular Characterization of the env Gene of Two CCR5/CXCR4-Independent Human ...

Human immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV-2) infection is characterized by a slower disease progression and lower transmission rates. The molecular features that could be assigned as directly involved in this in vivo phenotype remain essentially unknown, and th. - Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [POCI/SAU-IMI/55726/2004]. - Grant sponsor: Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT); Grant number: POCI/SAU-I...

Importance of C-C chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) as an alternative coreceptor for ...